Outward water waves · Checkerboard

A continuous source sends circular crests across a three-dimensional water surface, here shaded with a checkerboard so the undulation reads clearly. Drag to orbit; scroll or pinch to zoom.

η(r,t) = A · E(r) · cos(kr − ωt), with k = 2π/λ and ω = 2πf.

To avoid a singularity at the source the envelope is smoothed: E(r) = [1 + (r/r₀)²]−1/4 with r₀ = 1, approaching r−1/2 far away. This is a kinematic demonstration, not a fluid solver or a gravity–capillary dispersion model.